Welding fumes, grinding dust, metal vapor, and ultra-fine particles pose risks to worker health, product quality, equipment longevity, and fire safety in metalworking facilities. 1. Health Risks by Particle Size >10 microns (coarse): trapped in the nose and throat, causing upper respiratory irritation 5–10 microns (PM10): enters the trachea and bronchi, increasing bronchitis risk <2.5 […]